# Summary of K2 Program GO5109

Title: KARMENES : The K2+CARMENES low cadence M-dwarf sample for fields 4 and 5

PI: Anglada, Guillem (Queen Mary University of London)
CoIs: Ofir, Aviv; Caballero, Jose A; Amado, Pedro Jose; Rodriguez-Lopez, Cristina; Ribas, Ignasi; Reiners, Ansgar; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Palle, Enric; Bejar, Victor

Low mass stars in the K2 field are relatively faint at optical wavelengths. However, they have stronger fluxes in the nIR. Planets as small as the Earth will cause transits with depths of 0.5-2%. The CARMENES instrument is expected to start operations at the end of 2015. It is a stabilized optical+infrared spectrograph covering from 0.5 to 1.7 microns at R=82,000, whose Doppler precision is at 1 m/s level and will use 600 nights of GTO time at the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope between 2015 and 2018). Such precision and amount of telescope time will allow for the systematic detection of Earth-mass planets in the HZ of low mass stars. M dwarfs, even appearing faint at optical wavelengths (e.g. V,r' ~ 14-18 mag), have sufficient flux in the optical red and nIR to attain the m/s precision. We kindly request to the K2 team to observe as many late type M stars in fields 4 & 5 as possible. This proposal contains a sample of mid to late M-stars that we could identify. Several planet candidates have been reported in the original Kepler field but they tend to be early type M stars (M0V to M3V, Muirhead et al. 2012 ApJ, Dressing & Charbonneau 2013 ApJ, Martin et al. 2013 A&A). As a result, not much is gained in the red-nIR in terms of flux and follow-up is difficult, if not impossible, with current means such as HARPS-N. Raw pixel-level photometry will be analyzed using the SARS pipeline, and light curves will be searched for planet candidates using Optimal Boxed-Least-Squares (Ofir 2013, A&A). All stars will be analized for rotation periods and characteristics of their noise properties (time-scales of correlated noise, flare rates, etc.). Assuming the range of likely densities, Doppler amplitudes will be estimated and targets with enough predicted signal will be followed-up with CARMENES. Comfirmation and mass measurements are necessary preliminary steps before attempting spectroscopic characterization with near-future NASA's telescopes (HST and Spitzer but especially JWST). The favorable planet to star radius and mass ratios of the targets in this sample will likely produce the first fully characterizable Earth-like planet in the habitable zone of a star.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (59)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
211325927, 133.916638, 10.369531, 13.733, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211357359, 132.579791, 10.945418, 14.615, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211361220, 129.931626, 11.009241, 11.625, GO5006_LC|GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211364964, 133.867884, 11.075428, 12.007, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211369808, 133.697837, 11.155964, 9.63, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5072_LC
211385897, 127.267145, 11.418134, 11.67, GO5006_LC|GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211423671, 130.236782, 11.995463, 15.088, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211427097, 133.042468, 12.048243, 11.725, GO5006_LC|GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211464017, 137.109192, 12.613772, 16.407, GO5006_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211481688, 136.910721, 12.874814, 11.806, GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211483366, 125.040139, 12.898221, 14.795, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211491918, 123.649641, 13.022828, 8.74, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5071_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5098_LC|GO5072_LC
211518117, 129.333758, 13.3947, 14.083, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211541590, 137.176933, 13.724288, 14.336, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211547273, 128.36266, 13.805512, 10.871, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5102_LC|GO5109_LC
211566266, 125.230541, 14.071338, 9.231, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5057_LC|GO5071_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5098_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5072_LC
211567062, 124.438824, 14.08286, 13.383, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211589755, 135.442872, 14.400368, 10.675, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211597921, 130.266367, 14.511986, 14.516, GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5006_LC
211599658, 126.490026, 14.534761, 12.022, GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211599659, 129.587437, 14.534787, 11.587, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211616135, 136.989741, 14.759563, 14.996, GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5006_LC
211635860, 123.783354, 15.039905, 10.851, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211642294, 129.28317, 15.129313, 10.787, GO5002_SC|GO5102_SC|GO5098_SC|GO5002_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5071_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5102_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5098_LC
211693168, 128.127209, 15.823942, 9.93, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5109_LC
211703196, 128.896496, 15.957571, 16.123, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211717321, 124.265574, 16.148227, 15.007, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211717695, 125.101564, 16.15349, 16.351, GO5006_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211788733, 125.270747, 17.155417, 11.952, GO5020_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5083_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5006_LC|GO5011_LC
211798260, 132.213065, 17.292181, 14.87, GO5006_LC|GO5007_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211798730, 124.283403, 17.299055, 9.097, GO5020_LC|GO5057_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5109_LC
211817229, 126.972971, 17.560143, 15.682, GO5006_LC|GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5097_LC
211828066, 125.118939, 17.715418, 14.959, GO5006_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5097_LC
211829847, 129.014058, 17.740732, 10.257, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5102_LC
211838145, 126.465962, 17.856831, 12.911, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211845940, 130.794473, 17.962279, 11.872, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5022_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
211888613, 135.587415, 18.560234, 15.97, GO5006_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211889233, 130.933359, 18.568668, 11.585, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211892034, 136.429034, 18.609377, 11.583, GO5002_SC|GO5002_LC|GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211911623, 132.573993, 18.899808, 12.778, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211915571, 126.813467, 18.958247, 14.333, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5109_LC
211916148, 134.237653, 18.967939, 14.328, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211944670, 127.906521, 19.394282, 10.549, GO5057_LC|GO5071_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5098_LC|GO5064_LC
211944856, 127.905928, 19.397023, 11.018, GO5081_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5109_LC
211945363, 134.314257, 19.404908, 12.349, GO5002_SC|GO5039_SC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5002_LC|GO5039_LC
211946397, 129.930581, 19.419942, 10.816, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211956026, 136.097502, 19.565575, 13.401, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211959965, 124.648727, 19.624629, 12.033, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5022_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
211991547, 133.50816, 20.116761, 14.585, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5109_LC
211993081, 128.306694, 20.140715, 14.439, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
212027214, 126.526107, 20.707815, 14.9, GO5006_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5011_LC
212091107, 125.878798, 21.849362, 9.167, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5071_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5109_LC
212096658, 126.753739, 21.956861, 10.21, GO5020_LC|GO5109_LC
212111398, 132.042485, 22.246182, 13.599, GO5020_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
212158804, 132.560497, 23.227815, 11.392, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5109_LC
212159707, 129.232423, 23.246654, 9.33, GO5007_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5064_LC
212162615, 130.428703, 23.312993, 12.605, GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC
212171836, 132.524948, 23.531386, 11.65, GO5020_LC|GO5081_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5006_LC
212171971, 128.080062, 23.53455, 16.159, GO5006_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5011_LC|GO5109_LC