# Summary of K2 Program GO5064

Title: Searching For Planets In Binary Stars

PI: Wang, Ji (Yale University)
CoIs: Fischer, Debra Ann; Huang, Xu

Prior to the launch of the Kepler mission, we already knew that there are hundreds of binary stars in its field of view. For these binary stars, we find a striking deficiency of planets; none of these binary stars has a planet candidate. With K2 mission, we propose to observe more known binary stars to confirm the deficiency. We consider only S-type circumstellar planet system, in which a planet orbits one of the binary stars, NOT circumbinary planets (P-type).

Our sample consists of 1100 binary stars, which represents the largest sample of binary stars for planet search. This sample will put a strong constraint on the planet occurrence rate in binary stars, which we denote as f. We calculate f for different number of planet detections. Non-detection will give a 3-sigma upper limit of f at 9.5%, which confirms the deficiency and the suppressive influence of a stellar companion on planet formation. One or two detections will confirm the deficiency at 2-3 sigma level. More than two detections are deemed as unlikely given the Kepler main mission result.  Targeting binary stars with no prior information of planet helps to unambiguously address the planet occurrence rate in binary stars. Increasing the sample size helps not only to confirm the deficiency of planets in binary stars but also study the influence of stellar companions on planets with different sizes and orbital separations. Future NASA mission in search of habitable worlds will inevitably encounter with this question: to select binary stars or not, which account for 33% of stars in the solar neighborhood. This proposal will pave the way to solve this question.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (134)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
211307849, 127.762705, 10.00941, 9.281, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5096_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211312434, 126.698926, 10.101627, 11.995, GO5023_LC|GO5096_LC|GO5064_LC
211340040, 125.980039, 10.632057, 5.835, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211341357, 133.862733, 10.656031, 8.966, GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211341802, 133.61026, 10.664043, 13.438, GO5007_LC|GO5046_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211346996, 134.109186, 10.759561, 9.821, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211349602, 133.638938, 10.806378, 9.752, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211369529, 133.375577, 11.151474, 8.905, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211373095, 126.453075, 11.208155, 9.701, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211378569, 132.987123, 11.298615, 10.586, GO5033_LC|GO5096_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211383235, 132.590429, 11.375937, 11.473, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211402742, 133.252532, 11.683366, 10.227, GO5020_LC|GO5096_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211413734, 127.277358, 11.847851, 9.276, GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211414200, 127.812886, 11.85513, 8.728, GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211418817, 132.510016, 11.923557, 8.897, GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC
211419495, 130.325893, 11.933455, 9.611, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211420859, 130.198548, 11.953164, 11.313, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211421716, 129.547187, 11.966191, 9.564, GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211432103, 133.852475, 12.126656, 10.249, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211432167, 132.863806, 12.127919, 8.55, GO5033_LC|GO5057_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211434311, 133.393613, 12.159783, 10.239, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211434978, 127.007043, 12.169848, 10.014, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211435859, 126.267124, 12.183519, 9.897, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211471555, 136.91492, 12.726332, 9.304, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211485788, 129.596044, 12.93364, 8.885, GO5033_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211511809, 128.339807, 13.305482, 10.504, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211526536, 127.842008, 13.514137, 10.907, GO5033_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211534444, 130.97051, 13.623962, 8.628, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5089_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211537751, 126.146273, 13.670056, 9.931, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211551837, 135.180659, 13.866575, 11.506, GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211571871, 129.422335, 14.149157, 12.173, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211577383, 127.005135, 14.225773, 9.673, GO5007_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211577526, 128.97454, 14.227688, 12.56, GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211594276, 131.083204, 14.462897, 10.102, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211604395, 135.510121, 14.598625, 8.915, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211607119, 128.894549, 14.635618, 9.935, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211618308, 136.398488, 14.79024, 9.279, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211622479, 136.105866, 14.849653, 11.252, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211636611, 125.987888, 15.050628, 9.525, GO5007_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5082_LC
211679117, 123.452912, 15.634105, 8.355, GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC
211690228, 123.245995, 15.78373, 9.305, GO5007_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211693443, 123.78933, 15.827637, 9.053, GO5057_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211694046, 127.236907, 15.835504, 9.716, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211695379, 127.465228, 15.853805, 10.783, GO5007_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211697347, 132.671358, 15.880005, 10.554, GO5020_LC|GO5089_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC
211699931, 131.103652, 15.915001, 8.891, GO5033_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5023_LC
211718923, 126.68796, 16.170282, 12.158, GO5064_LC
211722736, 133.79528, 16.223078, 9.828, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211728846, 127.004033, 16.309261, 9.06, GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211734326, 131.354129, 16.387357, 9.841, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211739276, 125.159383, 16.456105, 10.214, GO5029_LC|GO5096_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211750200, 133.672957, 16.611211, 8.453, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5064_LC
211770584, 130.916387, 16.89871, 9.172, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211778200, 125.050654, 17.006746, 11.561, GO5007_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211789644, 131.219617, 17.168837, 9.464, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211790174, 133.555395, 17.176691, 8.562, GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211795951, 127.428599, 17.260031, 11.342, GO5096_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211811403, 127.095267, 17.478672, 9.309, GO5020_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211825317, 123.546421, 17.675952, 6.476, GO5045_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211835811, 126.604604, 17.82393, 10.225, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211839462, 132.505921, 17.874565, 10.037, GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211845945, 127.404179, 17.962375, 11.474, GO5007_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211891709, 132.029112, 18.604423, 9.629, GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211894024, 135.486916, 18.63875, 10.83, GO5096_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211897761, 123.993508, 18.693898, 8.149, GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211906132, 131.373281, 18.817486, 8.056, GO5033_LC|GO5064_LC
211909748, 130.37795, 18.871872, 12.363, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5095_LC
211923188, 130.280672, 19.071227, 10.014, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211925371, 129.379365, 19.103962, 13.369, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
211930461, 130.088905, 19.181773, 13.49, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
211932923, 130.109376, 19.219424, 12.541, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
211935741, 130.326651, 19.260998, 8.059, GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5035_LC|GO5040_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5086_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211942703, 129.559429, 19.365397, 10.727, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211944670, 127.906521, 19.394282, 10.549, GO5057_LC|GO5071_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5098_LC|GO5064_LC
211944807, 130.634386, 19.39619, 10.825, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211944856, 127.905928, 19.397023, 11.018, GO5081_LC|GO5097_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5109_LC
211947849, 129.909869, 19.440869, 12.358, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
211955190, 129.985399, 19.552991, 7.337, GO5033_LC|GO5045_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211958340, 128.009625, 19.600582, 10.054, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211963196, 124.723397, 19.673689, 11.742, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC
211970750, 130.073432, 19.787566, 9.847, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5101_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211970966, 130.777923, 19.791575, 13.267, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5095_LC
211980935, 133.220616, 19.947204, 9.613, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211981369, 133.630993, 19.954015, 11.024, GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211982221, 133.480559, 19.967133, 6.516, GO5075_LC|GO5089_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211982469, 130.047719, 19.971134, 6.69, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5045_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211983499, 129.531591, 19.98787, 11.827, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5089_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
211984510, 133.915323, 20.004726, 9.121, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211986176, 129.996155, 20.031409, 9.39, GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5035_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5086_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211986473, 130.583869, 20.036592, 9.674, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5096_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211989558, 129.928273, 20.086218, 8.573, GO5033_LC|GO5045_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
211990866, 129.60125, 20.106063, 10.408, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
211990908, 130.092964, 20.106772, 10.042, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5086_LC|GO5064_LC
211996186, 130.078908, 20.191831, 12.461, GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5095_LC
211996855, 131.116476, 20.20207, 10.429, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
211997380, 129.812514, 20.210788, 11.091, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
212001830, 129.298591, 20.284714, 10.761, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212001861, 123.715924, 20.285117, 10.174, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5052_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5072_LC
212004983, 130.75228, 20.337799, 11.226, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5095_LC
212006225, 123.678755, 20.357736, 10.485, GO5007_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212008170, 128.346044, 20.390087, 8.469, GO5029_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
212012534, 133.455511, 20.461379, 14.256, GO5006_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5083_LC|GO5064_LC
212013422, 130.313795, 20.476904, 6.82, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212017123, 129.97207, 20.53922, 10.357, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212034371, 128.987288, 20.826318, 11.56, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5106_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5095_LC
212074908, 129.617466, 21.546126, 12.829, GO5007_LC|GO5018_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5024_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5032_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5048_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5095_LC|GO5064_LC
212086134, 127.751897, 21.754662, 10.545, GO5020_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212089248, 126.208179, 21.812457, 9.338, GO5007_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212095910, 126.24988, 21.941508, 11.572, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5064_LC
212099730, 129.440176, 22.015788, 10.442, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212104318, 132.938319, 22.104575, 12.033, GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212107694, 129.166593, 22.17292, 8.323, GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212111690, 127.821253, 22.25201, 10.81, GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212114700, 129.320053, 22.311863, 10.344, GO5007_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
212131533, 133.870543, 22.649031, 11.848, GO5007_LC|GO5020_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212135684, 127.395654, 22.732049, 15.446, GO5064_LC
212137461, 126.927104, 22.768949, 10.86, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212140950, 128.300015, 22.840282, 14.933, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212141109, 130.779254, 22.843643, 13.345, GO5007_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212145814, 127.919705, 22.943495, 13.222, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212150789, 126.891775, 23.049033, 12.603, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212151207, 128.093786, 23.058096, 13.255, GO5007_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
212152628, 129.502148, 23.090222, 10.679, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5052_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212154486, 132.612338, 23.131206, 9.216, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212156183, 126.727294, 23.168874, 11.378, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212156673, 125.865452, 23.179918, 9.727, GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212157235, 129.990888, 23.192068, 13.293, GO5007_LC|GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
212159707, 129.232423, 23.246654, 9.33, GO5007_LC|GO5104_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5072_LC|GO5109_LC|GO5064_LC
212161347, 133.198333, 23.283695, 13.433, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212166652, 129.142632, 23.408966, 13.5, GO5064_LC|GO5023_LC
212168289, 134.108029, 23.446228, 12.259, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC
212168595, 127.234376, 23.453211, 12.766, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212169825, 131.259975, 23.482947, 13.687, GO5023_LC|GO5064_LC
212177867, 129.546529, 23.681091, 9.429, GO5007_LC|GO5029_LC|GO5033_LC|GO5023_LC|GO5060_LC|GO5064_LC