# Summary of K2 Program GO4109

Title: KARMENES : The K2+CARMENES low cadence M-dwarf sample for fields 4 and 5

PI: Anglada, Guillem (Queen Mary University of London)
CoIs: Ofir, Aviv; Caballero, Jose A; Amado, Pedro Jose; Rodriguez-Lopez, Cristina; Ribas, Ignasi; Reiners, Ansgar; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Palle, Enric; Bejar, Victor

Low mass stars in the K2 field are relatively faint at optical wavelengths. However, they have stronger fluxes in the nIR. Planets as small as the Earth will cause transits with depths of 0.5-2%. The CARMENES instrument is expected to start operations at the end of 2015. It is a stabilized optical+infrared spectrograph covering from 0.5 to 1.7 microns at R=82,000, whose Doppler precision is at 1 m/s level and will use 600 nights of GTO time at the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope between 2015 and 2018). Such precision and amount of telescope time will allow for the systematic detection of Earth-mass planets in the HZ of low mass stars. M dwarfs, even appearing faint at optical wavelengths (e.g. V,r' ~ 14-18 mag), have sufficient flux in the optical red and nIR to attain the m/s precision. We kindly request to the K2 team to observe as many late type M stars in fields 4 & 5 as possible. This proposal contains a sample of mid to late M-stars that we could identify. Several planet candidates have been reported in the original Kepler field but they tend to be early type M stars (M0V to M3V, Muirhead et al. 2012 ApJ, Dressing & Charbonneau 2013 ApJ, Martin et al. 2013 A&A). As a result, not much is gained in the red-nIR in terms of flux and follow-up is difficult, if not impossible, with current means such as HARPS-N. Raw pixel-level photometry will be analyzed using the SARS pipeline, and light curves will be searched for planet candidates using Optimal Boxed-Least-Squares (Ofir 2013, A&A). All stars will be analized for rotation periods and characteristics of their noise properties (time-scales of correlated noise, flare rates, etc.). Assuming the range of likely densities, Doppler amplitudes will be estimated and targets with enough predicted signal will be followed-up with CARMENES. Comfirmation and mass measurements are necessary preliminary steps before attempting spectroscopic characterization with near-future NASA's telescopes (HST and Spitzer but especially JWST). The favorable planet to star radius and mass ratios of the targets in this sample will likely produce the first fully characterizable Earth-like planet in the habitable zone of a star.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (88)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
210317378, 58.143084, 11.26078, 12.719, GO4002_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4002_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210340480, 59.802497, 11.952793, 11.579, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210355626, 59.998305, 12.375815, 13.213, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210387632, 60.472465, 13.176701, 13.951, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4109_LC
210393283, 56.004181, 13.309548, 12.095, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210395039, 63.699826, 13.351118, 14.508, GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210401023, 62.473935, 13.490414, 14.077, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210408563, 64.448719, 13.661766, 11.778, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210409824, 64.746422, 13.690611, 14.331, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4109_LC
210425604, 57.140327, 14.035034, 14.745, GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210434104, 55.716387, 14.210666, 14.083, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210434433, 61.978365, 14.216811, 12.135, GO4002_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4083_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4002_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210434769, 61.93312, 14.223482, 10.265, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4083_LC|GO4102_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210434976, 57.753312, 14.22775, 12.656, GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4083_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210438460, 65.557831, 14.298092, 13.362, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4109_LC
210439387, 64.83403, 14.316441, 12.038, GO4020_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210439810, 64.903815, 14.324662, 12.536, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4109_LC
210445411, 65.379261, 14.433793, 13.405, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4109_LC
210452223, 64.881955, 14.563343, 15.853, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210453697, 59.705046, 14.591702, 11.911, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4052_LC|GO4109_LC
210457896, 57.809262, 14.670291, 16.259, GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210459199, 65.396238, 14.695229, 14.431, GO4026_LC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210466658, 65.129177, 14.831186, 10.449, GO4020_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210470484, 64.367251, 14.901005, 13.33, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210479116, 57.151457, 15.054608, 11.638, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
210486424, 59.775998, 15.180303, 12.257, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210487720, 57.137233, 15.202004, 9.241, GO4020_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
210489127, 64.465092, 15.227127, 14.352, GO4026_LC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210489654, 65.199952, 15.235854, 12.621, GO4002_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4002_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210500368, 54.87103, 15.420167, 11.803, GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210500658, 63.665138, 15.424515, 11.403, GO4020_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210517837, 63.890368, 15.70627, 10.462, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210535241, 61.764251, 15.986204, 12.021, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4102_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210579749, 55.938534, 16.667247, 9.982, GO4102_SC|GO4098_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4071_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4102_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4098_LC|GO4109_LC
210580056, 55.969017, 16.672025, 9.296, GO4102_SC|GO4098_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4071_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4102_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4098_LC|GO4109_LC
210587410, 60.174639, 16.781168, 13.892, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4109_LC
210592074, 59.241097, 16.849487, 11.441, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210613245, 56.561822, 17.152752, 10.872, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
210613397, 56.558337, 17.154839, 11.993, GO4020_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210632464, 66.102962, 17.424304, 13.994, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210640966, 66.445925, 17.544606, 14.553, GO4026_LC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210645281, 57.502822, 17.604063, 14.11, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210651981, 67.119902, 17.695942, 11.247, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210666556, 65.857632, 17.895904, 15.049, GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210667985, 66.35428, 17.915343, 10.619, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210674052, 65.77504, 17.998456, 12.928, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4109_LC
210693462, 55.443438, 18.268902, 13.105, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4109_LC
210693497, 65.664842, 18.269334, 12.135, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210699160, 60.384578, 18.350923, 14.044, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4109_LC
210700098, 64.641052, 18.364698, 13.837, GO4026_LC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210707811, 64.460975, 18.475193, 12.806, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210709514, 66.995671, 18.500245, 9.795, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210718930, 65.986159, 18.638931, 14.608, GO4026_LC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210724826, 60.402276, 18.728418, 14.545, GO4011_LC|GO4109_LC
210737964, 65.275052, 18.925304, 17.188, GO4046_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210741091, 66.310684, 18.973581, 11.981, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210744818, 64.354801, 19.029909, 10.368, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210758829, 51.687315, 19.244479, 13.584, GO4039_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4039_LC|GO4109_LC
210759564, 65.534627, 19.256181, 11.902, GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4109_LC
210771915, 61.356962, 19.442162, 10.899, GO4102_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4102_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210778181, 59.816471, 19.538068, 11.151, GO4020_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
210815169, 52.630087, 20.098662, 8.029, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4109_LC
210827030, 61.763554, 20.280797, 13.812, GO4026_LC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210878406, 57.161933, 21.056619, 10.174, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
210894955, 58.903758, 21.313414, 14.585, GO4002_SC|GO4026_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4002_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210910422, 58.83424, 21.552743, 15.438, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210941195, 59.809121, 22.043849, 13.363, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210973308, 54.098501, 22.557544, 14.487, GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
210980637, 64.278638, 22.673316, 9.453, GO4020_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
210984956, 56.63278, 22.738107, 11.527, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
211006744, 59.993931, 23.082105, 13.27, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
211008819, 63.794298, 23.114437, 10.099, GO4020_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
211023191, 56.828234, 23.339642, 13.477, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4109_LC
211029843, 62.678872, 23.444399, 12.707, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
211031313, 64.366496, 23.468457, 11.252, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4109_LC
211036776, 62.16742, 23.557149, 12.804, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
211041649, 62.984257, 23.636323, 9.254, GO4105_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4105_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4037_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
211058178, 57.762967, 23.90365, 9.779, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
211061554, 56.87624, 23.955061, 12.678, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4109_LC
211063108, 56.289344, 23.979172, 17.05, GO4057_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
211088035, 59.6873, 24.374968, 12.963, GO4002_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4097_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4002_LC|GO4109_LC
211107998, 60.60176, 24.690113, 13.019, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
211111803, 59.391377, 24.752967, 11.967, GO4020_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4109_LC
211112685, 56.091263, 24.768413, 12.639, GO4032_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
211119044, 56.084252, 24.874938, 8.633, GO4020_LC|GO4109_LC
211165265, 58.336572, 25.72176, 12.624, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4109_LC
211169647, 58.170935, 25.804502, 10.592, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
211183710, 59.973122, 26.090025, 11.073, GO4002_SC|GO4098_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4002_LC|GO4098_LC|GO4109_LC