# Summary of K2 Program GO4064

Title: Searching For Planets In Binary Stars

PI: Wang, Ji (Yale University)
CoIs: Fischer, Debra Ann; Huang, Xu

Prior to the launch of the Kepler mission, we already knew that there are hundreds of binary stars in its field of view. For these binary stars, we find a striking deficiency of planets; none of these binary stars has a planet candidate. With K2 mission, we propose to observe more known binary stars to confirm the deficiency. We consider only S-type circumstellar planet system, in which a planet orbits one of the binary stars, NOT circumbinary planets (P-type).

Our sample consists of 1100 binary stars, which represents the largest sample of binary stars for planet search. This sample will put a strong constraint on the planet occurrence rate in binary stars, which we denote as f. We calculate f for different number of planet detections. Non-detection will give a 3-sigma upper limit of f at 9.5%, which confirms the deficiency and the suppressive influence of a stellar companion on planet formation. One or two detections will confirm the deficiency at 2-3 sigma level. More than two detections are deemed as unlikely given the Kepler main mission result.  Targeting binary stars with no prior information of planet helps to unambiguously address the planet occurrence rate in binary stars. Increasing the sample size helps not only to confirm the deficiency of planets in binary stars but also study the influence of stellar companions on planets with different sizes and orbital separations. Future NASA mission in search of habitable worlds will inevitably encounter with this question: to select binary stars or not, which account for 33% of stars in the solar neighborhood. This proposal will pave the way to solve this question.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (138)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
210324184, 59.916832, 11.473804, 9.23, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210324940, 59.398858, 11.496912, 8.633, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210326472, 59.951278, 11.544821, 8.666, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210345650, 60.29604, 12.098364, 11.507, GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC
210346490, 59.614124, 12.122201, 8.776, GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210354975, 58.661849, 12.358325, 10.476, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210356154, 60.128187, 12.390045, 11.918, GO4029_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210373312, 59.651102, 12.831107, 10.48, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210379010, 59.33911, 12.971325, 10.775, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4096_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4082_LC
210407893, 54.196564, 13.647109, 10.589, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210408563, 64.448719, 13.661766, 11.778, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210432862, 55.062354, 14.186676, 9.739, GO4021_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4064_LC
210437837, 57.857834, 14.28513, 10.014, GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210442768, 58.231249, 14.382625, 8.217, GO4089_LC|GO4064_LC
210451865, 64.506022, 14.556076, 11.736, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210455478, 63.606878, 14.625035, 8.57, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4067_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
210474569, 57.241998, 14.975641, 8.734, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210483831, 59.970581, 15.136316, 10.075, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210487475, 61.117857, 15.198089, 11.786, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210491290, 54.064572, 15.263576, 9.403, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210492943, 59.466848, 15.292432, 9.772, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210507655, 60.540768, 15.540668, 9.491, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210508219, 53.223502, 15.54981, 8.799, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210510450, 54.41301, 15.586224, 10.64, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210519645, 52.776176, 15.736098, 10.179, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC
210547540, 54.926982, 16.178549, 9.298, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210568399, 54.526779, 16.49762, 9.95, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210571322, 54.257424, 16.541481, 9.383, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210590043, 55.332674, 16.820444, 10.591, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210599330, 55.526908, 16.956031, 8.674, GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210647396, 58.858562, 17.632653, 8.155, GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210651981, 67.119902, 17.695942, 11.247, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4011_LC|GO4006_LC|GO4054_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
210652955, 58.349353, 17.709634, 14.114, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4083_LC|GO4064_LC
210688994, 55.507854, 18.205707, 10.144, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210690537, 53.452042, 18.227791, 8.425, GO4089_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210696425, 53.123537, 18.311242, 10.279, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210697782, 52.992838, 18.33026, 11.356, GO4046_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4052_LC
210698355, 65.580525, 18.338676, 13.964, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210716159, 58.096194, 18.597726, 7.984, GO4033_LC|GO4064_LC
210717876, 66.41169, 18.623172, 9.37, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC
210725484, 52.446422, 18.738386, 9.005, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4064_LC
210738479, 59.456081, 18.93356, 9.878, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210743799, 66.369801, 19.014338, 9.875, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210750573, 66.752588, 19.117648, 7.806, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210754660, 58.702746, 19.181325, 8.898, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4082_LC
210755054, 51.883467, 19.187136, 9.49, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210755538, 61.841547, 19.194064, 13.92, GO4011_LC|GO4064_LC
210766572, 55.286055, 19.361247, 13.131, GO4020_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210779766, 54.878293, 19.562517, 10.949, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210783336, 63.210954, 19.616045, 12.082, GO4057_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4092_LC|GO4064_LC
210788457, 66.375467, 19.692752, 9.192, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210791325, 62.086, 19.737646, 7.75, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4045_LC
210794329, 52.806041, 19.783518, 8.598, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4064_LC
210815169, 52.630087, 20.098662, 8.029, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4109_LC
210841341, 56.09155, 20.499401, 9.061, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210854932, 61.912712, 20.700199, 11.052, GO4023_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210867412, 59.349674, 20.890184, 12.411, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4082_LC
210883308, 62.491785, 21.132624, 10.816, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4022_LC
210903467, 53.699956, 21.444977, 10.438, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210919667, 60.594607, 21.69778, 11.351, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC
210923995, 58.409463, 21.770188, 10.065, GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210927165, 58.610264, 21.820091, 10.83, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210943388, 61.637603, 22.078732, 12.133, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210944958, 60.079678, 22.104449, 11.206, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210957099, 57.934426, 22.29602, 9.475, GO4033_LC|GO4064_LC
210983924, 56.256684, 22.722289, 9.709, GO4020_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210984736, 55.872023, 22.734829, 8.918, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
210989414, 64.560588, 22.806834, 8.896, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210991271, 60.103248, 22.835974, 11.77, GO4020_LC|GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
210996142, 56.696082, 22.914563, 10.323, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
210996505, 56.659972, 22.919779, 9.426, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4081_LC|GO4024_LC
210996822, 59.447053, 22.924389, 8.846, GO4023_LC|GO4083_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC
210999011, 63.308344, 22.958782, 8.962, GO4023_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211001065, 64.912684, 22.990773, 10.416, GO4023_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211005312, 60.47534, 23.058762, 13.936, GO4020_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4083_LC|GO4064_LC
211010902, 56.453396, 23.147149, 7.022, GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4035_LC|GO4024_LC
211011290, 57.725144, 23.153318, 10.221, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211012547, 61.364672, 23.174145, 11.717, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211014211, 60.236744, 23.201484, 7.025, GO4042_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211014809, 56.717504, 23.210558, 9.608, GO4020_LC|GO4064_LC
211015348, 57.48539, 23.218624, 10.111, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4024_LC
211015605, 55.965284, 23.222438, 10.024, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211015853, 55.852234, 23.225931, 10.317, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
211017590, 57.055399, 23.252697, 11.732, GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211019716, 64.544948, 23.284653, 10.021, GO4105_SC|GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4089_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4105_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4037_LC|GO4024_LC
211023597, 60.519263, 23.345862, 10.02, GO4033_LC|GO4064_LC
211023687, 56.534837, 23.347512, 13.184, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4024_LC
211025770, 57.386353, 23.380403, 9.074, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4021_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4024_LC
211026043, 53.360572, 23.384321, 7.363, GO4023_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211032295, 61.084477, 23.484343, 11.081, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211033431, 61.386963, 23.502253, 12.611, GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211034073, 63.957936, 23.512947, 9.504, GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211037863, 63.10418, 23.57457, 7.079, GO4075_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211041649, 62.984257, 23.636323, 9.254, GO4105_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4105_LC|GO4095_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4072_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4037_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4109_LC
211042023, 62.57563, 23.64193, 13.126, GO4020_LC|GO4064_LC
211043986, 55.883144, 23.674041, 10.621, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
211045450, 63.479021, 23.697243, 12.748, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211047173, 56.821425, 23.726751, 6.887, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211054599, 57.491891, 23.848694, 6.922, GO4042_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211055343, 58.761249, 23.860494, 12.054, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211056860, 59.501409, 23.88358, 10.54, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211056973, 57.557521, 23.885434, 12.758, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC
211058801, 54.123609, 23.912648, 8.509, GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211061426, 57.487787, 23.953209, 9.792, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211063649, 59.250992, 23.987768, 12.269, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211065529, 63.668239, 24.017933, 13.218, GO4020_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211070034, 62.508657, 24.092636, 9.978, GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211070599, 56.061063, 24.101882, 10.235, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
211072160, 56.819027, 24.128349, 8.976, GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
211076042, 56.566661, 24.189932, 8.666, GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4101_LC|GO4035_LC|GO4024_LC
211077700, 57.52541, 24.215209, 11.217, GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211080301, 56.613667, 24.254997, 8.611, GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4035_LC|GO4024_LC
211085527, 56.407448, 24.335615, 7.233, GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4035_LC|GO4024_LC
211085535, 59.444075, 24.335675, 12.518, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211086138, 57.125398, 24.345524, 7.017, GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4035_LC|GO4024_LC
211086613, 59.013191, 24.352554, 9.399, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211090485, 60.751024, 24.412685, 11.327, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211095270, 58.971193, 24.487375, 11.291, GO4060_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211100565, 56.594455, 24.570141, 10.34, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4057_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4082_LC
211101249, 62.701149, 24.581056, 10.227, GO4020_LC|GO4064_LC
211104176, 56.417397, 24.627237, 9.735, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4082_LC
211106023, 56.860574, 24.658456, 9.133, GO4042_LC|GO4064_LC
211106344, 58.009403, 24.663243, 11.659, GO4020_LC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4076_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4092_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4106_LC|GO4024_LC
211115638, 56.169805, 24.818538, 9.847, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4024_LC
211115721, 56.764798, 24.819928, 8.817, GO4040_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4035_LC|GO4040_LC|GO4024_LC
211118675, 59.151393, 24.869276, 12.777, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211120167, 58.611478, 24.894808, 9.973, GO4020_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211120842, 56.4255, 24.906009, 9.418, GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4090_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
211122882, 58.82879, 24.942173, 12.72, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211123901, 56.661561, 24.959642, 10.172, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4060_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4101_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC
211129584, 59.499913, 25.0604, 12.376, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211133821, 56.613949, 25.135532, 10.411, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4091_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4024_LC|GO4082_LC
211137957, 58.970856, 25.210245, 13.617, GO4060_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211138217, 57.070315, 25.215127, 9.166, GO4074_SC|GO4018_LC|GO4032_LC|GO4048_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4074_LC|GO4086_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4012_LC|GO4024_LC
211143712, 59.456154, 25.319241, 10.934, GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC
211160700, 57.839803, 25.635386, 9.314, GO4060_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC
211171695, 59.840095, 25.845607, 10.625, GO4029_LC|GO4033_LC|GO4007_LC|GO4064_LC|GO4104_LC|GO4082_LC
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