# Summary of K2 Program GO16071

Title: X-ray Sources in K2  Rigorously Probing Active Galaxy Accretion and Stellar Variability

PI: Boyd, Patricia T. (UMBC and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center)
CoIs: Mushotzky, Richard; Howell, Steve B; Smith, Krista Lynne

P.I.: P. BoydNASA/GSFC; Co-Is: K.L. SmithNASA/GSFC, UMd, R. MushotzkyUMd, S. HowellNASA/ARC 
 
Scientific Justification 
We request K2 monitoring of unidentified and known X-ray sources in Campaigns 14 through 16, compiled from a variety of sources
 including the Chandra Source Catalog and the Million Quasar Catalog, to probe accretion onto compact objects at a variety of mass
 and time scales. Our KSwAGS survey found 93 bright X-ray sources in the original Kepler FOV (Smith et al., 2015). Approximately
 half were active galaxies while the remainder were active stars of various types (pulsating stars, rapid rotators, close binaries, flaring
 M-stars). A Kepler GO survey (PI: Still) of Chandra point sources resulted in a similar distribution of stars to active galaxies. High
 precision optical follow-up is scientifically useful for all sources; the AGN allow for a study of variability characteristics as a function
 of SMBH mass (Smith et al., 2015) and the stars allow for the study of a variety of rapid rotators and chromospheric activity (Howell
 et al., 2016). We received time for K2 to monitor KSwAGS sources in Fields 4,8 and 11-13. This proposal has identical scientific
 goals and will continue the K2 optical monitoring of X-ray sources, but with target selection criteria that relies on archival X-ray
 observations only and not on new Swift pointings. 
Previous AGN in the original Kepler field were selected using near-infrared photometric methods (e.g., Edelson & Malkan 2012).
 These methods preferentially select AGN with high black hole masses (MBH e 10^8 MSUN), since the method fails if the continuum
 is dominated by starlight rather than AGN light (e.g., Lacy et al. 2004, Stern et al. 2012). Fortunately, X-ray selection uncovers low-
MBH, low luminosity, and low accretion-rate AGN. These types of AGN have predicted variability timescales short enough to be
 constrained by a ~80-day K2 campaign. Indeed, narrow-line Sy 1 objects (NLS1) are expected to vary on timescales of days to weeks.
 This science is complimentary to what we are conducting in the original field with high-MBH objects, since the accretion physics is
 expected to differ between these types of objects (i.e., low-accretion rate objects may have advection dominated accretion flows or
 other scenarios instead of the canonical optically-thick, geometrically-thin accretion disk). This further monitoring will critically
 enhance the sample numbers of K2-monitored AGN discovered using a relatively unbiased selection method. We expect on the order of
 50-100 targets in each Field depending on galactic latitude. 

Methodology and Relevance to NASA Astrophysics Science Goals 
We aim to use K2s impressive photometric precision to detect characteristic variability timescales using Fourier analysis. These
 timescales are the only possible direct observables of AGN accretion physics, which remains an important astrophysical mystery and
 directly addresses NASA Astrophysics goal to "[d]iscover how the universe works, explore how it began and evolved, and search
 for life on planets around other stars.".  Additionally, these X-ray selected targets will fill in the phase-space of black hole mass and
 accretion rate, complementing our work in the original Kepler field.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (151)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
211501146, 136.097386, 13.1558, 17.196, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211505372, 136.065338, 13.215004, 9.677, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16028_LC|GO16071_LC
211519552, 130.49652, 13.414183, 17.915, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211635232, 129.481815, 15.030485, 10.229, GO16021_LC|GO16028_LC|GO16071_LC
211635300, 129.394264, 15.031367, 16.282, GO16071_LC
211636252, 129.429914, 15.04551, 11.79, GO16021_LC|GO16071_LC
211642990, 129.398098, 15.139017, 15.993, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211659924, 132.715788, 15.370892, 17.702, GO16008_LC|GO16040_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211661717, 133.388769, 15.395386, 16.839, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211661780, 133.389542, 15.39609, 16.591, GO16071_LC
211670051, 132.933043, 15.509067, 16.253, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16904_LC
211673644, 134.380052, 15.558573, 17.275, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211701247, 135.472768, 15.93244, 16.947, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211706787, 134.38832, 16.004976, 17.27, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211709922, 134.147465, 16.047359, 17.02, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211713547, 131.390109, 16.096874, 16.327, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211713557, 131.390918, 16.097055, 17.716, GO16071_LC|GO16102_LC
211713877, 135.844931, 16.101576, 15.929, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211714509, 129.467799, 16.110294, 17.459, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211721506, 132.924012, 16.206167, 17.327, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211722772, 135.929526, 16.223545, 17.241, GO16071_LC
211723070, 131.857557, 16.227218, 16.68, GO16071_LC
211725698, 135.470191, 16.262968, 17.587, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211728719, 133.145391, 16.307486, 16.239, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211733964, 135.856441, 16.38228, 17.053, GO16071_LC
211736074, 136.494151, 16.411118, 15.368, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211736487, 133.243353, 16.416777, 9.72, GO16001_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16033_LC|GO16071_LC
211737974, 133.303642, 16.43775, 17.187, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211738038, 133.301493, 16.438768, 15.702, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211738528, 133.331963, 16.445708, 14.828, GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC
211744403, 136.940884, 16.528973, 10.411, GO16021_LC|GO16071_LC
211744745, 133.38308, 16.534135, 12.274, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16071_LC
211748844, 136.911285, 16.592569, 15.934, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211750494, 132.92368, 16.615103, 16.558, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211750983, 135.649731, 16.622017, 17.447, GO16071_LC
211751027, 136.811166, 16.622547, 15.908, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211751189, 137.000969, 16.624724, 12.167, GO16009_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16083_LC
211751234, 135.654157, 16.625325, 10.758, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16071_LC
211753129, 136.835552, 16.651833, 15.277, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211754101, 136.903707, 16.665511, 16.473, GO16071_LC
211756904, 135.716658, 16.705096, 13.376, GO16021_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16056_LC|GO16071_LC
211759277, 136.823879, 16.738352, 14.943, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC
211761742, 133.957484, 16.772862, 16.316, GO16071_LC
211762614, 135.689279, 16.786236, 16.058, GO16071_LC
211796810, 136.848195, 17.271277, 16.088, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211805806, 136.436166, 17.399029, 16.8, GO16071_LC
211808242, 136.291119, 17.432821, 15.802, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211812510, 136.48304, 17.493674, 16.391, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211818524, 136.780432, 17.578686, 17.224, GO16071_LC
211818777, 136.447253, 17.582508, 17.751, GO16071_LC
211819395, 136.17037, 17.591756, 14.442, GO16004_LC|GO16071_LC
211819419, 136.168733, 17.592047, 16.576, GO16071_LC|GO16095_LC
211822127, 135.660121, 17.630939, 16.96, GO16071_LC
211823573, 137.774877, 17.651025, 13.701, GO16021_LC|GO16071_LC
211824529, 137.005901, 17.664406, 16.558, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211825105, 133.732413, 17.673107, 16.445, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211826271, 133.663522, 17.689553, 15.0, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC
211829582, 131.324851, 17.737057, 17.13, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211830885, 131.685733, 17.755075, 14.96, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC
211836418, 133.475898, 17.832392, 16.099, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211837422, 131.875254, 17.846269, 11.674, GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16083_LC
211839070, 132.935873, 17.869747, 17.081, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211839836, 131.722773, 17.879533, 14.303, GO16071_LC|GO16901_LC
211841328, 134.102784, 17.900061, 17.95, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211847974, 131.457307, 17.989836, 17.893, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211848247, 131.774577, 17.993479, 17.304, GO16071_LC
211848445, 131.782824, 17.99647, 10.291, GO16021_LC|GO16028_LC|GO16071_LC
211848967, 131.681051, 18.003774, 15.416, GO16071_LC
211851302, 133.84531, 18.035889, 15.278, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211851859, 133.749318, 18.043638, 17.065, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211852059, 129.87803, 18.046421, 17.046, GO16008_LC|GO16027_LC|GO16040_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16103_LC|GO16904_LC
211855010, 130.221702, 18.087475, 15.299, GO16071_LC
211858799, 131.813053, 18.139324, 15.672, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211863537, 131.324622, 18.205767, 17.587, GO16071_LC|GO16102_LC
211867987, 132.787006, 18.266062, 15.558, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211869040, 137.135344, 18.280388, 15.952, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211875550, 134.656349, 18.372657, 16.582, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211875571, 134.657737, 18.372897, 17.029, GO16071_LC|GO16095_LC
211875607, 134.65662, 18.373356, 15.376, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211876318, 130.59914, 18.383501, 17.679, GO16071_LC|GO16102_LC
211879923, 135.517908, 18.434725, 16.179, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211880547, 132.822683, 18.44385, 16.545, GO16071_LC
211884087, 135.982763, 18.494827, 16.878, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC
211884106, 132.791647, 18.495121, 14.387, GO16071_LC
211888367, 135.692624, 18.556578, 15.528, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211891040, 130.521236, 18.594755, 16.615, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16103_LC|GO16904_LC
211892168, 132.700128, 18.61124, 13.103, GO16021_LC|GO16071_LC
211892667, 134.62565, 18.618662, 17.839, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211895974, 136.38983, 18.667456, 16.578, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211900099, 130.55803, 18.728191, 17.355, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211909748, 130.37795, 18.871872, 12.363, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC
211911447, 132.622479, 18.897387, 17.739, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211913104, 132.819808, 18.921446, 16.503, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16904_LC
211913260, 134.361643, 18.923456, 17.779, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211914177, 130.760359, 18.936869, 17.958, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211914718, 134.290455, 18.94555, 11.448, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16065_LC|GO16071_LC
211920978, 133.138449, 19.039289, 16.727, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211923064, 137.587376, 19.069498, 17.363, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211925513, 130.638812, 19.106318, 14.872, GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC
211928236, 134.276503, 19.148205, 17.013, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211929386, 134.873441, 19.16526, 15.834, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211931684, 133.015814, 19.200708, 15.379, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC
211933728, 136.131746, 19.23151, 17.01, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211935518, 130.476516, 19.257418, 11.181, GO16001_LC|GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16065_LC|GO16071_LC
211942337, 133.241772, 19.359747, 16.712, GO16071_LC
211942338, 133.242715, 19.359824, 14.418, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC
211942585, 129.778876, 19.36348, 17.615, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
211944042, 133.404752, 19.384651, 15.603, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211944807, 130.634386, 19.39619, 10.825, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16028_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16068_LC|GO16071_LC
211946695, 130.787289, 19.424183, 17.014, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211949684, 136.00849, 19.467682, 16.2, GO16071_LC
211949737, 131.097004, 19.468454, 16.155, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
211954582, 130.304942, 19.543032, 13.478, GO16052_LC|GO16056_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC
211955012, 133.861569, 19.550135, 10.343, GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC
211955894, 131.740766, 19.563653, 16.082, GO16071_LC
211964231, 130.48279, 19.689676, 10.893, GO16009_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16083_LC
211965552, 131.434813, 19.709345, 17.267, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211966314, 129.648343, 19.721196, 12.293, GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC
211966571, 129.761784, 19.724729, 9.291, GO16009_LC|GO16010_LC|GO16021_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16028_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16065_LC|GO16071_LC
211966632, 131.42781, 19.725643, 17.805, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
211968779, 129.771336, 19.757338, 17.271, GO16022_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC
211969273, 129.615552, 19.765452, 14.904, GO16022_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC
211970427, 129.791059, 19.783027, 15.071, GO16022_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC
211970624, 129.549995, 19.785767, 16.487, GO16052_LC|GO16071_LC
211971817, 129.62908, 19.805719, 16.405, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
211997126, 134.913755, 20.206451, 17.532, GO16071_LC|GO16102_LC
212008710, 133.759338, 20.398351, 13.555, GO16022_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16060_LC|GO16071_LC
212014631, 135.625585, 20.497059, 16.43, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
212014644, 134.699201, 20.497276, 17.803, GO16071_LC
212020508, 134.946858, 20.595285, 16.066, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
212020787, 134.977089, 20.599868, 14.837, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
212022113, 135.773426, 20.622213, 16.554, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
212022557, 134.555478, 20.629137, 17.443, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC|GO16904_LC
212029029, 135.645426, 20.738272, 16.117, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
212029222, 135.648655, 20.7414, 16.002, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
212030497, 135.607778, 20.762932, 15.659, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
212033661, 134.337469, 20.814943, 16.336, GO16071_LC|GO16095_LC
212033705, 134.338955, 20.815544, 14.03, GO16071_LC
212035517, 135.612127, 20.846145, 15.741, GO16027_LC|GO16040_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16103_LC
212047120, 135.99441, 21.04734, 15.88, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16102_LC
212051577, 134.98121, 21.127306, 16.755, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
212055550, 135.869206, 21.196877, 16.891, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
212072792, 133.132923, 21.507067, 17.659, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
212090183, 134.215825, 21.830414, 16.773, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC
212124864, 133.186068, 22.514424, 12.276, GO16005_LC|GO16056_LC|GO16071_LC
212155495, 131.945276, 23.154127, 17.614, GO16071_LC|GO16088_LC
212155498, 131.945281, 23.154137, 17.613, GO16008_LC|GO16071_LC|GO16904_LC
212165745, 133.525977, 23.386745, 16.304, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC|GO16102_LC
212170060, 133.3574, 23.488741, 16.859, GO16071_LC
212171851, 133.332827, 23.531766, 14.143, GO16052_LC|GO16065_LC|GO16071_LC
228682542, 136.4294128, 18.339735, 13.5, GO16071_LC|GO16079_LC|GO16095_LC