# Summary of K2 Program GO16018

Title: Clouds and Flares in Ultracool Dwarfs

PI: Gizis, John E. (University of Delaware)
CoIs: Burgasser, Adam J; Paudel, Rishi R; Williams, Peter K G; Schmidt, Sarah Jane

We propose to observe spectroscopically confirmed nearby ultracool dwarfs using the Kepler K2 mission to characterize their cloud/weather properties, measure their flare rates, and detect their planetary companions. Like gas giant planets, very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs form condensate clouds in their atmospheres. For the nearest ultracool dwarfs, K2 can uniquely characterize variability due to these clouds, both rotation modulation on a timescale of hours and weather evolution of the clouds on timescales from days to months. Magnetic activity changes dramatically at the stellar/substellar hydrogen-burning limits. We have already demonstrated that ultracool dwarfs can generate white light flares and superflares in our previous Kepler and K2 campaigns, but increasing the sample size is important to constraint the rate of these rare events as a function of effective temperature and age. Flares are tied to magnetic reconnection rates and the energy budget. We also aim to detect transiting exoplanets by continuing to monitor each available ultracool dwarf in K2 campaigns; brown dwarfs, gas giants, and even large rocky planets are detectable. The K2 targets include nearby field late-M and L dwarfs, and even faint targets are valuable, since transits may be total and flares can be 20-40 times the photosphere in the Kepler filter. Campaign 15 includes the key target 2MASSW J1507476-162738, a bright L5 dwarf at 7.2 pc.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (112)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
211411366, 130.109247, 11.812298, 17.421, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211439338, 133.995134, 12.235982, 18.875, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211458709, 132.643729, 12.533139, 17.127, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211460625, 133.417297, 12.561251, 16.814, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211464826, 133.20849, 12.626325, 17.73, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211467731, 134.008805, 12.67086, 18.322, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
211478560, 130.870911, 12.829493, 17.664, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211493031, 131.375327, 13.039326, 17.924, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211563696, 130.957636, 14.034815, 17.946, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211616100, 132.912928, 14.759133, 15.628, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211631830, 131.86783, 14.982729, 17.854, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211646606, 129.548139, 15.187642, 18.199, GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
211707676, 130.22681, 16.016886, 16.786, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16060_LC
211738457, 130.458106, 16.444883, 18.062, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211740609, 129.618772, 16.475046, 18.48, GO16005_LC|GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211742071, 130.421667, 16.496342, 17.567, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211758584, 133.409548, 16.728647, 16.741, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211759353, 131.189545, 16.739414, 18.9, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16031_LC|GO16060_LC
211770368, 130.122553, 16.895355, 18.634, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211845911, 133.110979, 17.961969, 18.812, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211847385, 129.804079, 17.981707, 17.353, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211854467, 134.745481, 18.079552, 17.869, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
211869078, 135.680443, 18.280912, 18.486, GO16005_LC|GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211869873, 132.817816, 18.291731, 18.112, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
211877519, 134.487358, 18.401028, 17.957, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211877657, 130.123962, 18.40255, 12.673, GO16005_LC|GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16030_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16063_LC
211892842, 130.530514, 18.621372, 17.886, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16060_LC
211908843, 133.389635, 18.858454, 17.896, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211912744, 138.720195, 18.916422, 16.526, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211916047, 134.455912, 18.966202, 17.764, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211917847, 132.932852, 18.992962, 17.687, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211928727, 130.289617, 19.155697, 18.699, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16031_LC
211934172, 130.245439, 19.237984, 18.705, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16022_LC|GO16060_LC
211947924, 134.020133, 19.442053, 18.903, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211964067, 133.569301, 19.687393, 17.446, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16060_LC
211969262, 131.797552, 19.765329, 18.392, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
211996000, 135.762983, 20.188625, 17.766, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212002661, 127.225454, 20.298323, 18.013, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16060_LC
212008870, 127.785041, 20.401182, 17.474, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212013999, 134.32405, 20.486818, 18.312, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212015599, 128.871665, 20.513857, 18.138, GO16005_LC|GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212017281, 128.008202, 20.541706, 18.164, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212019105, 126.540474, 20.570967, 16.892, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212021699, 127.868424, 20.615244, 17.885, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212022056, 126.938609, 20.621183, 17.426, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212022763, 126.620861, 20.632746, 18.203, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212027121, 127.989263, 20.705931, 17.847, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212028433, 127.31235, 20.728119, 18.205, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212032430, 135.958587, 20.795139, 19.054, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212044515, 128.222709, 21.003181, 17.946, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212051014, 127.470823, 21.11754, 18.684, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212059071, 126.643396, 21.258726, 17.839, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212066577, 136.765193, 21.393881, 17.673, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212067906, 126.857699, 21.417727, 18.815, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212067916, 128.90187, 21.417801, 18.099, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212072712, 127.007957, 21.505678, 17.897, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212075399, 133.145402, 21.555073, 17.342, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212077206, 133.948754, 21.588945, 16.608, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212078253, 134.920836, 21.607233, 18.188, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212080001, 128.490226, 21.641556, 17.6, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212081772, 137.683159, 21.67293, 18.031, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212083796, 128.843313, 21.711617, 17.726, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212089454, 128.58998, 21.816275, 18.135, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212090371, 135.097968, 21.834477, 11.981, GO16005_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16030_LC|GO16052_LC|GO16056_LC|GO16063_LC|GO16072_LC|GO16072_SC
212098179, 137.371309, 21.985786, 18.084, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212102189, 127.613506, 22.062668, 17.133, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212106355, 136.281481, 22.146194, 18.038, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212111539, 135.042086, 22.249088, 18.0, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212111554, 134.522912, 22.249502, 16.67, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212117165, 136.544114, 22.360041, 18.211, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212117236, 128.617605, 22.3615, 17.953, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212119590, 128.939067, 22.408632, 17.211, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212127137, 133.496552, 22.560087, 17.818, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212130922, 127.505853, 22.636833, 18.613, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212155930, 132.643829, 23.163855, 17.985, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212156288, 134.43698, 23.171358, 17.758, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212158934, 130.157506, 23.230766, 17.689, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212162176, 133.609702, 23.30221, 18.96, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212162487, 129.868619, 23.310183, 18.09, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212170651, 129.774803, 23.502945, 18.857, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212175383, 134.832724, 23.617702, 16.492, GO16018_LC
212183917, 133.13587, 23.842665, 18.268, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
212183961, 133.382993, 23.843685, 17.101, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212184948, 132.894454, 23.870983, 16.939, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212196866, 133.069497, 24.195242, 18.259, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
212216110, 129.872439, 24.807875, 17.034, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251287438, 139.600382, 15.242834, 16.627, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251314012, 140.822831, 17.996485, 18.907, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251317744, 139.340166, 18.324823, 18.912, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251340486, 139.44123, 20.293373, 17.874, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251347715, 141.079466, 20.886778, 18.238, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251355936, 139.658989, 21.568283, 17.133, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251357067, 139.062698, 21.664244, 14.55, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC|GO16018_SC
251358654, 140.489818, 21.806606, 17.816, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251359579, 139.845627, 21.88203, 18.511, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251362678, 139.34167, 22.129421, 18.126, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251364084, 138.064998, 22.238585, 17.253, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251365679, 137.269758, 22.357634, 17.56, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251385331, 137.54245, 23.829952, 15.747, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251394129, 137.229502, 24.425194, 18.907, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251394211, 138.188497, 24.430386, 18.365, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251394863, 136.489489, 24.471724, 18.194, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251395427, 137.144694, 24.507771, 18.017, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251396437, 134.912393, 24.57391, 17.444, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251397724, 138.166891, 24.650553, 16.964, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251402226, 136.922652, 24.916964, 17.954, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC
251403541, 138.396684, 24.994251, 17.979, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251404208, 137.707351, 25.03162, 17.721, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251405376, 135.862108, 25.097836, 17.689, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251406926, 134.901977, 25.185841, 18.135, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251407310, 136.602592, 25.210575, 17.824, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC
251408963, 133.298608, 25.30171, 17.827, GO16012_LC|GO16018_LC|GO16067_LC