# Summary of K2 Program GO14041

Title: Rotation rates for stars in wide binary systems and a search for hierarchical triples in Kepler K2 campaigns 14-15-16.

PI: Lepine, Sebastien (Georgia State University)
CoIs: 

Wide binary systems are of high interest for both stellar astrophysics and exoplanet research. Because they were born and ejected from the same parent star cluster, they also share the same age and presumably have very similar chemical compositions. At the same time, their large separations mean that they essentially behave like single stars, and can also be observed and studied separately. For stellar astrophysics, these systems represent a unique means of testing stellar evolution models at moderate to old ages (2-12 Gy), complementing data available for younger ages from the study of nearby star clusters or young moving groups. In particular, old wide systems are critical to test the predictions of gyrochronology, which posit a relationship between the age of a low-mass star and its rotation rate, a relationship that may prove critical for dating exoplanet systems discovered by Kepler and other surveys. This gyrochronology hypothesis can be tested by measuring the rotation rates of stars in wide pairs, and verifying that the rotation rates are correlated, which should be true regardless of what their actual ages are. Based on a search of the SUPERBLINK proper motion catalog in the fields to be observed in K2 campaigns 14, 15, and 16, we have identified a total of 194 common proper motion (i.e. co-moving) pairs of stars with angular separations between 4 and 60. Our statistical analysis indicates that >90% of those pairs must be physical binaries in wide orbits (with the rest being chance alignments of unrelated stars). About half the primaries in those wide systems appear to be main-sequence stars of subtypes F-G-K, with the other half consisting of M dwarfs. A majority of the  secondaries, on the other hand, appear to be main-sequence M dwarfs. We propose to use Kepler to observe there stars in wide binary pairs, and measure their rotation rates from an auto-correlation analysis of their light curves. All the pairs should be resolved on the Kepler cameras (4 arcsec pixel size), although some pairs will have overlapping point spread functions and may require pixel-by-pixel analysis. Interestingly, many pairs can be observed in a single Kepler aperture, and thus may only need to be counted as a single target (or may use fewer pixels overall). One prediction of stellar multiplicity models is that very wide companions are often produced by dynamical relaxation in a triple systems, which means that a significant fraction of wide binaries may actually be hierarchical triples, with the inner system having a high probability of being a very tight (spectroscopic or eclipsing) binary star; this prediction will be directly tested with K2, by measuring the detection rate of eclipsing binaries in those pairs.

# Targets requested by this program that have been observed (162)
EPIC ID, RA (J2000) [deg], Dec (J2000) [deg], magnitude, Investigation IDs
201468104, 163.577711, 0.04449, 14.581, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
201468457, 163.567312, 0.049899, 12.232, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC
201469232, 162.869287, 0.061039, 16.677, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
201469279, 162.867659, 0.061831, 17.06, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
201528162, 163.624014, 0.957721, 16.214, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
201528241, 163.623619, 0.958979, 14.919, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
201557521, 163.531106, 1.40005, 13.474, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
201557564, 163.524763, 1.400646, 14.54, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
201571429, 162.864884, 1.606732, 16.148, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
201631577, 165.361833, 2.531864, 14.106, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
201631638, 165.360784, 2.532802, 15.005, GO14041_LC
201715624, 166.621707, 3.906641, 16.199, GO14041_LC
201715715, 166.622603, 3.908287, 14.506, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
201730117, 166.862425, 4.152836, 17.403, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
201730136, 166.861158, 4.153064, 14.44, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
201738472, 166.473142, 4.290559, 15.639, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
201738607, 166.472583, 4.292547, 18.085, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
201814906, 163.624866, 5.642205, 15.155, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC
201814960, 163.627439, 5.643137, 12.99, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC
201862695, 164.523975, 6.563225, 13.129, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC
201862814, 164.523795, 6.565665, 13.129, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC
248423410, 160.534883, 0.479555, 14.42, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248423422, 160.533279, 0.479929, 15.414, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248429645, 157.492203, 0.721317, 11.298, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248429661, 157.483736, 0.721975, 16.608, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248431389, 162.127761, 0.785626, 18.036, GO14041_LC
248431517, 162.138456, 0.790193, 18.608, GO14041_LC
248435395, 157.923958, 0.9347, 12.791, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248435473, 157.935446, 0.937571, 11.386, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248443396, 157.070421, 1.236247, 13.487, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248443406, 157.071528, 1.236464, 16.743, GO14041_LC
248445922, 160.951444, 1.332346, 13.665, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248446291, 160.949716, 1.345833, 13.961, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248450291, 162.19766, 1.484833, 15.954, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248450422, 162.202851, 1.488855, 17.579, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248468470, 159.671559, 2.110669, 12.072, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248468551, 159.665775, 2.114431, 15.825, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14005_LC
248469426, 160.495104, 2.145018, 14.157, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248469443, 160.501437, 2.145632, 17.505, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248474515, 158.080899, 2.313762, 15.767, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248474603, 158.081071, 2.316306, 16.667, GO14016_LC|GO14041_LC|GO14046_LC|GO14062_LC|GO14016_SC|GO14062_SC
248475237, 158.84456, 2.335424, 11.906, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248475246, 158.847131, 2.335686, 15.064, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248496189, 159.21334, 3.025147, 18.941, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248496205, 159.212197, 3.02573, 18.222, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248501140, 159.80415, 3.177705, 14.862, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14039_LC
248501183, 159.804846, 3.179025, 16.779, GO14041_LC
248510268, 157.400186, 3.468491, 15.665, GO14041_LC
248510307, 157.40101, 3.46946, 18.311, GO14041_LC
248510605, 160.095688, 3.478932, 14.542, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248510886, 160.106691, 3.488157, 16.243, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248514587, 160.260234, 3.595249, 11.417, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC
248514618, 160.258442, 3.596288, 9.768, GO14041_LC|GO14063_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC
248515492, 161.231346, 3.620919, 15.071, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248515845, 161.232628, 3.630399, 14.851, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248515968, 159.647791, 3.633776, 18.262, GO14041_LC
248516093, 159.650665, 3.636916, 13.06, GO14041_LC|GO14021_LC
248520380, 160.034441, 3.754065, 18.593, GO14041_LC
248520875, 160.034286, 3.769407, 17.869, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248524865, 159.661026, 3.880073, 17.96, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248524903, 159.660483, 3.881112, 14.988, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248529465, 154.122435, 4.005876, 17.103, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248529792, 154.126965, 4.015348, 18.019, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248533988, 155.623058, 4.125608, 9.885, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC
248534359, 155.61287, 4.135249, 15.016, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248535358, 160.871302, 4.161279, 14.505, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248535364, 160.873014, 4.161564, 14.939, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248552927, 154.005722, 4.623373, 17.597, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248553370, 154.006847, 4.6347, 14.498, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248557067, 160.675688, 4.731244, 12.826, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248557107, 160.676473, 4.732306, 15.55, GO14041_LC
248557111, 157.724728, 4.732462, 13.991, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC
248557150, 157.725379, 4.733771, 13.225, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14021_LC
248558631, 156.458858, 4.775983, 16.339, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248558636, 156.460402, 4.776045, 16.566, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248561061, 156.576242, 4.84642, 15.326, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC
248561176, 156.579987, 4.849902, 14.09, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC
248579364, 157.536539, 5.326092, 17.991, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248580053, 157.528479, 5.344007, 18.457, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248582620, 155.371912, 5.410046, 17.704, GO14041_LC
248582721, 155.372852, 5.41256, 16.69, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14005_LC
248586256, 155.338994, 5.509352, 16.528, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248586325, 155.340044, 5.511885, 16.831, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248606095, 159.703493, 6.025474, 13.949, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248606143, 160.242099, 6.026555, 16.291, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248606304, 160.237483, 6.030681, 12.968, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248606485, 159.711772, 6.035329, 16.055, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248608248, 161.184728, 6.07947, 18.301, GO14041_LC
248608616, 161.181839, 6.088714, 18.498, GO14041_LC
248611611, 159.802486, 6.163842, 16.671, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248611614, 159.803957, 6.163929, 14.862, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248631559, 160.62573, 6.669907, 9.409, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14004_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14901_LC
248631562, 160.624142, 6.669999, 11.096, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC
248641774, 153.925765, 6.925763, 9.348, GO14010_LC|GO14041_LC|GO14063_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14901_LC|GO14010_SC
248642253, 155.597976, 6.938166, 14.317, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248642336, 153.924367, 6.940017, 12.691, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248642516, 155.599946, 6.944146, 15.213, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248654991, 155.218264, 7.24478, 14.213, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248655194, 155.213145, 7.249338, 13.94, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248655975, 155.509949, 7.269001, 13.601, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC
248656043, 155.511555, 7.270612, 19.016, GO14041_LC
248671403, 161.11833, 7.652173, 16.303, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248671484, 161.118414, 7.653598, 17.104, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248716797, 162.117754, 8.719101, 10.93, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248716979, 162.1237, 8.723605, 17.0, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248743291, 157.092057, 9.316931, 18.19, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248743294, 157.093586, 9.317037, 18.633, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248743399, 161.611681, 9.3195, 17.489, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248743597, 161.615575, 9.324512, 15.332, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248759357, 155.169123, 9.698237, 18.462, GO14041_LC
248759386, 155.171476, 9.698894, 16.389, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248764729, 158.938468, 9.826654, 17.588, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248764799, 158.939746, 9.828727, 15.804, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248768599, 164.29765, 9.919138, 13.005, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14083_LC
248768604, 164.296058, 9.91924, 13.89, GO14041_LC
248775014, 163.261589, 10.075558, 12.585, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248775054, 163.260475, 10.076484, 12.822, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248778255, 165.080122, 10.157499, 17.469, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248778318, 165.080345, 10.159066, 17.106, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248782482, 154.383976, 10.260625, 12.585, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248782796, 154.384118, 10.267877, 15.884, GO14041_LC
248799445, 155.189597, 10.667416, 16.464, GO14041_LC
248799513, 155.189564, 10.668772, 13.524, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248800810, 155.470435, 10.699832, 8.43, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14901_LC
248805139, 158.216694, 10.799908, 18.967, GO14041_LC
248805204, 158.216607, 10.80132, 14.999, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248810556, 164.755603, 10.928128, 14.493, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC|GO14039_LC
248812027, 154.318553, 10.963698, 15.042, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248812376, 154.315929, 10.97223, 13.002, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248812949, 157.448584, 10.985576, 10.209, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248812960, 157.457382, 10.985873, 17.36, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248835501, 163.084074, 11.540066, 15.175, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248835579, 163.079817, 11.542244, 13.58, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14039_LC
248841069, 160.575469, 11.675622, 14.083, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248841106, 160.573286, 11.676397, 16.199, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248850578, 164.46134, 11.921042, 18.677, GO14041_LC
248850581, 164.460127, 11.921083, 14.529, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248855388, 160.806453, 12.044281, 13.859, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248855400, 160.807878, 12.044563, 11.215, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
248865882, 159.676231, 12.304819, 17.024, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248866466, 159.676203, 12.320351, 13.788, GO14041_LC|GO14074_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248867437, 164.314267, 12.345063, 18.097, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248867912, 164.308452, 12.357218, 18.641, GO14041_LC
248871492, 158.929139, 12.44965, 12.436, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC
248871534, 158.930024, 12.450869, 14.38, GO14041_LC|GO14005_LC
248876514, 165.259949, 12.575981, 16.737, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248876587, 165.258999, 12.577758, 15.001, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248877695, 164.347957, 12.605806, 12.83, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14083_LC
248877765, 164.345734, 12.607113, 12.8, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248879678, 159.346305, 12.657722, 16.592, GO14041_LC
248879841, 164.904307, 12.662788, 16.044, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC
248880007, 164.900972, 12.667166, 13.9, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14083_LC
248880115, 159.353836, 12.67028, 19.163, GO14041_LC
248882024, 161.979407, 12.724263, 14.54, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248882143, 161.980991, 12.72734, 12.848, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14020_LC|GO14083_LC|GO14039_LC
248883583, 165.037481, 12.766108, 18.25, GO14041_LC|GO14039_LC
248883704, 165.037501, 12.769336, 17.405, GO14041_LC|GO14001_LC
248889370, 162.404775, 12.929246, 9.446, GO14025_LC|GO14041_LC|GO14068_LC|GO14001_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14065_LC|GO14901_LC
248889384, 162.39975, 12.929632, 9.732, GO14041_LC|GO14009_LC|GO14028_LC
248910154, 159.320923, 13.562524, 13.688, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC
248910215, 159.321656, 13.564496, 13.688, GO14041_LC|GO14052_LC|GO14005_LC|GO14021_LC|GO14083_LC
251457117, 155.470322, 10.715015, 18.1, GO14041_LC